Throughout history, the concept of utopia has served both as a refuge and a mirror—a place we imagine as better than where we are, yet one that reflects our deepest anxieties, contradictions, and aspirations. The VISIONA/HU (VISIONA Huesca) project, organized by the Diputación Provincial de Huesca in Aragón, Spain, has channeled this universal drive to escape, reinvent, or seek new possibilities. Over a cycle of (until now) four exhibitions, it has guided viewers through explorations of space, identity, and movement, provoking reflection on how landscapes—whether rural, urban, or entirely imagined—reveal the social, political, and cultural forces shaping them.

In 2024, VISIONA/HU presented Utopian Journeys, an exhibition that examined the allure and contradictions of utopia through the works of eight artists. Each artist invites viewers to transcend limitations and reimagine new realities. However, Utopian Journeys is not an isolated exhibition; it is the culmination of a thematic cycle exploring depopulation, displacement, tourism, and now speculative landscapes of possibility. Each edition in this series contributes to an evolving narrative linking art, geography, and community, offering shifting perspectives on movement and place. This year’s exhibition centers on journeys of the imagination, where utopia becomes not a destination but a horizon of possibilities—a continual questioning and reimagining.

The Evolution of VISIONA/HU Huesca: A Four-Part Cycle of Transformation

The VISIONA/HU cycle has explored four core themes, each engaging with a distinct spatial or societal concern. The project situates contemporary art within broader geographical contexts, transforming spaces into lenses through which we can explore deeper questions of meaning and identity. These themes—ranging from the tangible and historical to the speculative and aspirational—interweave geographical theory, cultural critique, and an evolving conversation with the Huesca community. They address complex subjects in geographical and cultural studies, such as migration, landscape transformation, the commodification of space, and the mutable boundaries of utopian vision. Each exhibition within VISIONA/HU has encouraged visitors to confront and interrogate these themes on both personal and collective levels, immersing them in spaces that function as portals to, and critiques of, the futures they imagine.

2018 – Depopulation and Transformation of Territory

The 2018 exhibition, Despoblación y Transformación del Territorio, focused on rural depopulation—a pressing issue in Spain, where migration to urban centers has left entire villages and regions in decline. This edition addressed depopulation not as mere absence but as a dynamic reshaping of both the physical and cultural landscapes of Spain’s rural territories. The resulting landscapes are not simply “empty” but layered with memories, histories, and potential futures of those who left and those who remain. The featured works captured rural decay as a process of transformation, revealing the layers of memory and loss inscribed in the landscape.

Through images of abandoned buildings, empty streets, and overgrown fields, the exhibition questioned the social and economic forces driving depopulation and asked whether rural spaces could hold new forms of meaning and community. In depicting spaces left behind, the exhibition evoked Edward Relph’s theory of “placelessness,” a condition where places lose their meaning or identity through decline or detachment from their original purpose. The works highlighted how landscapes become symbols of forgotten lives, and the spatial arrangement reminded audiences that these “empty” spaces are filled with latent histories, awaiting new stories and uses. This examination of depopulated spaces added a critical, geographical dimension to how we interpret and value rural landscapes, drawing attention to their social, historical, and environmental significance.

2019 – Journeys and Displacements

In 2019, VISIONA/HU turned its attention to Journeys and Displacements, exploring how migration and mobility alter identity and belonging. In this edition, space was understood as a construct produced through relationships and interactions. Migration and displacement transform both the places left behind and the destinations reached, creating “meeting places” where diverse trajectories intersect.

Rather than portraying movement as simply a shift from point A to point B, the exhibition revealed how journeys reshape the cultural and social fabric of both origin and destination. Forced migration, exile, and the emotional geographies of displacement became central themes. The works underscored that spaces are constituted by the movements, memories, and interactions of those who pass through them, challenging fixed notions of place and identity. By curating these complex interpretations of movement, VISIONA/HU invoked Henri Lefebvre’s production of space, emphasizing that the cultural and political significance of a place emerges through social practices and interactions. This emphasis on the multi-dimensional nature of displacement opened up critical questions about belonging, resilience, and the transformative power of journeying.

2021 – Tourism and Its Discontents

In 2021, VISIONA/HU shifted to Tourism and Its Discontents, critiquing the impact of global tourism on local spaces and identities. Tourism, while promoting economic growth, also commodifies culture, transforms local environments, and often alienates residents. This edition highlighted how tourism reshapes places to fit external desires and demands rather than local identities, raising questions about the possibility of preserving integrity in the face of commodification. Can places retain their cultural essence as they become destinations? Can heritage survive the objectifying gaze of tourism?

Through the lens of tourism, the works revealed the environmental and social impacts of being packaged and sold as cultural “experiences.” By examining the commodification of heritage, VISIONA/HU encouraged viewers to rethink their own roles as consumers of “authentic” experiences, exploring the tension between preserving and exploiting place. This theme resonated with sociologist Dean MacCannell’s critique of “staged authenticity,” which argues that tourism often creates superficial representations of places that distort their intrinsic meaning. The exhibition’s nuanced approach invited audiences to engage with tourism as both a deeply personal and collective experience, revealing how the “tourist gaze” transforms spaces, impacting both local identities and visitor expectations.

2024 – Utopian Journeys: Imagination and Transformation

This year, VISIONA/HU completed (maybe?) the cycle with Utopian Journeys, moving from the examination of real spaces to speculative, imagined worlds. Each artist brings a unique perspective, showing that utopia is not a fixed destination but a transformative journey shaped by dreams, ambition, and cultural myth-making.

Each artist in Utopian Journeys contributes a distinct interpretation of the utopian impulse, illustrating how journeys—whether literal, symbolic, or imagined—reshape our understanding of space, identity, and aspiration. These works invite us to reflect on the nature of utopia, showing that the pursuit of “elsewhere” is as much a search for meaning as it is for place. Here is a closer exploration of each artist’s work and how it contributes to the overarching theme of utopian journeys.

Georges Méliès & Segundo de Chomón: Early Cinematic Utopias

Georges Méliès and Segundo de Chomón are among the pioneers of cinematic journeys, using early film technology to transport viewers to imagined worlds. Méliès’ Le Voyage dans la Lune (1902) and Chomón’s Excursión a la Luna (1908) are considered landmarks of speculative journeys in cinema, using whimsical special effects to portray journeys to the moon as surreal and fantastical. These works symbolize the human impulse to explore beyond known limits, aligning the act of discovery with imagination itself.

Their films portray the moon as a fantastical realm, a space where scientific curiosity intersects with dreams and fantasy, and the works’ placement at the exhibition entrance aligns with Michel Foucault’s concept of “heterotopia”—spaces that simultaneously mirror and challenge reality. These works become metaphors for the way society projects its dreams onto distant, unreachable landscapes. By setting the stage for Utopian Journeys with these pieces, the curators frame the notion of exploration as both an escape and an exploration of the mind’s creative powers.

Andrés Pachón: The Mirage of Authenticity

In Dioramas (2012) and Magic Lantern (2016), Andrés Pachón deconstructs the notion of authenticity, critiquing how historical narratives have framed distant cultures through Western perspectives. His Dioramas series manipulates early ethnographic documentaries, revealing how “exotic” landscapes and their inhabitants were often framed to fit colonial or touristic narratives. Similarly, Magic Lantern deconstructs historical slides of the Holy Land, exposing how even sacred spaces have been shaped by external interpretations and cultural biases.

By unveiling the artifice within these visual “authenticities,” Pachón challenges viewers to question how landscapes—real or imagined—are shaped by historical power dynamics. His work aligns with Denis Cosgrove’s theory of the “iconography of landscape,” where landscapes are interpreted through cultural narratives that project particular values onto them. Pachón’s installations encourage a reconsideration of the power relations involved in creating utopian ideals, highlighting how these ideals are not value-neutral but are instead shaped by cultural frameworks that define and often limit our interactions with place.

Greta Alfaro: Decay and Utopian Failure

Greta Alfaro’s Decimocuarta estación (2019) reimagines Spain’s abandoned railway stations as poignant symbols of utopian failure. Her images reveal these spaces as both literal and metaphorical ruins, remnants of industrial optimism that have decayed into isolation and neglect. Drawing inspiration from the Stations of the Cross, Alfaro suggests that utopian journeys are often riddled with suffering and disillusionment. Through her haunting portrayals of abandoned infrastructure, Alfaro’s work evokes the cyclical nature of ambition and collapse, illustrating how utopian ideals are often intertwined with the seeds of their own failure.

Her focus on decayed infrastructure and the remnants of past progress speaks to Tim Cresswell’s concept of “place memory,” where landscapes retain traces of forgotten or unfulfilled ambitions. In the context of Utopian Journeys, Alfaro’s work underscores that even places once associated with connection and progress can become monuments to isolation and neglect, a reminder that every utopian dream carries within it the potential for dystopia.

Rogelio López Cuenca: Mapping Displacement

Rogelio López Cuenca’s No/W/here (1998) critiques the inequalities inherent in global movement through the metaphor of a subway map. His work challenges the assumption that movement is universally accessible, framing migration as a journey that is often defined by restrictions, exclusions, and barriers. By representing migration as a form of displacement rather than seamless movement, López Cuenca reveals the social and political forces that determine who can access utopian ideals and who cannot.

The work of López Cuenca also aligns with David Harvey’s critique of spatial inequality, highlighting how utopian ideals of freedom and mobility remain elusive for marginalized communities. His piece forces viewers to confront the reality that while utopian journeys may inspire visions of new possibilities, they are not universally accessible. Instead, these journeys often reinforce boundaries, creating geographies of privilege and exclusion that complicate the very notion of utopia.

Cristina De Middel: The Mythical Expedition

Cristina De Middel’s Jan Mayen (2015) is a satirical reconstruction of an Arctic expedition, blending fact with fantasy to critique the romanticism and absurdity of the “heroic” journey. Her staged photographs parody the romanticized notion of exploration, highlighting how these journeys are often driven as much by hubris as by discovery. By rendering her expedition as both playful and preposterous, De Middel challenges the idea of utopian exploration as inherently noble, suggesting instead that such journeys often reflect a self-centered desire to conquer or “know” an unknown space.

This piece ties into Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism, as it critiques how “other” places are frequently represented as spaces to be claimed or defined through Western lenses. De Middel’s work becomes a reminder that the pursuit of utopia may at times reflect not just aspiration, but a failure to see the land or the journey for what they truly are. Her approach asks viewers to consider the cultural and ideological constructs that underpin our notions of exploration, suggesting that utopian journeys may sometimes be based more on myth than on reality.

Fernando Prats: The Sublime Landscape of the Antarctic

Fernando Prats’ work, particularly Hacia el polo sur and Gran Sur, exemplifies the “sublime” in geographical aesthetics through its engagement with the Antarctic environment. By using elements like wind, snow, and ice to shape his canvases, Prats positions the natural landscape as an active force in the creation of his art. His work suggests that certain places demand humility rather than conquest, asking viewers to see landscapes not as passive backdrops but as autonomous entities with the power to shape human perception.

Prats’ work speaks to Nigel Thrift’s non-representational theory, which emphasizes the affective and performative aspects of space over purely visual representation. In making the Antarctic landscape itself a co-creator, Prats challenges the colonial gaze that has often viewed remote landscapes as spaces to be subdued. His pieces align with the theme of Utopian Journeys by framing exploration not as an act of dominance but as one of reverence, suggesting that certain places can only be approached through respect and awe.

Joan Fontcuberta: The Cosmonaut as Utopian Explorer

In his Sputnik series, Joan Fontcuberta fabricates the narrative of Ivan Istochnikov, a Soviet cosmonaut who supposedly vanished in space. Through doctored photographs and fabricated documents, Fontcuberta blurs the lines between truth and fiction, presenting space exploration as both a remarkable achievement and a myth. The cosmonaut becomes a figure of utopia—a symbol of human aspiration who ventures beyond known boundaries in search of something greater. By intertwining reality with illusion, Fontcuberta critiques the construction of myths, reminding viewers that many utopian journeys are built on cultural narratives that blur the boundaries between fact and fiction.

Fontcuberta’s work can be seen through Roland Barthes’ mythologies, where certain symbols naturalize cultural ideologies and desires. By fictionalizing space exploration, Fontcuberta underscores the role of myth in utopian journeys, asking viewers to reflect on the stories they tell themselves about progress, possibility, and the unknown. His work prompts viewers to ask whether utopia is a place we can actually reach or a space we imagine as a reflection of our collective ideals.

Discussion

Beyond the individual artworks, this year’s theme is enriched through VISIONA/HU’s efforts to engage the public with Utopian Journeys via interactive elements such as conferences, guided tours, and workshops. These activities broadened the scope of the theme, allowing participants to engage with the exhibition’s ideas on a deeper level. A feature conference titled “El decálogo del viajero verniano” explored Jules Verne’s legacy in modern travel narratives, positioning him as a precursor to the imaginative journeys central to this exhibition.

Guided tours were crafted to invite participants to navigate the exhibition as if embarking on their own journey, mirroring the spirit of exploration and discovery. These tours, led by curators and knowledgeable guides, added layers of interpretation to each piece, revealing how each artist contributes to the larger conversation about utopia. The workshops, aimed at a younger audience, further expand VISIONA/HU’s reach, inviting future generations to engage critically with the concept of utopian journeys and to consider how their own experiences shape their vision of the future.

In the larger context of VISIONA/HU’s four-part cycle, this year’s theme represented a culmination that reflects the tensions between reality and imagination, individuality and collectivity, and personal desire and societal limitation. There is a striking interplay between this year’s artists and their chosen mediums. Fontcuberta’s fictional cosmonaut and Méliès’ fantastical film works reveal that journeys are often rooted in narrative as much as geography, while Alfaro’s decayed stations and Prats’ frozen canvases remind us of the fragility of utopian visions in the face of material reality. By juxtaposing these works, VISIONA/HU offers a multi-layered critique of the utopian impulse, asking viewers to consider what it means to imagine, pursue, and ultimately confront the limits of their own dreams.

At the same time, VISIONA/HU does not shy away from critiquing the commercial and ideological constructs tied to utopian ideals. Through installations like Fontcuberta’s Sputnik series and De Middel’s Jan Mayen, the exhibition reminds viewers of the ironies embedded in our aspirations for a better world. These works encourage a more reflective engagement, urging visitors to consider how the very idea of utopia may be shaped by the narratives that society chooses to highlight or obscure.

Conclusion

Utopian Journeys is a fitting culmination (maybe?) to VISIONA/HU’s thematic cycle on geography, identity, and movement. By bringing together diverse perspectives on the utopian impulse, the exhibition transforms the idea of a journey from mere exploration to an act of introspection, critique, and confrontation with societal limits. VISIONA/HU Huesca 2024 invites us to reconsider utopia not as a single destination but as a spectrum of possibilities, each dependent on cultural context and individual perspective.

As VISIONA/HU closes this four-year chapter, it leaves us with a series of questions: Where will the project take us next? Will future editions dive deeper into the intersections of reality and imagination, challenging us to confront the limitations of our collective aspirations? Or will VISIONA/HU turn its gaze toward grounded issues, re-examining depopulation, displacement, and environmental change through new lenses? How might VISIONA/HU address the pressing challenges of our time—climate change, migration, the digitization of memory, and the blurring lines between physical and virtual worlds?

As audiences departed from Utopian Journeys, perhaps they carried these questions with them. VISIONA/HU showed that its strength lies in its ability to adapt, rethink the boundaries of art, geography, and community engagement. As it charts a new course, VISIONA/HU will continue to be a space of exploration, pushing viewers to confront the shifting geographies of their own hopes and fears. In the end, the journey may not be about reaching a utopian destination but about staying curious, remaining open to new paths, and daring to imagine possibilities that lie beyond the known.